Polarization kinetics in ferroelectrics with regard to fluctuations

Abstract

Polarization in ferroelectrics, described by the Landau–Ginzburg Hamiltonian, is considered, based on a multi-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation. This formulation describes the time evolution of the probability distribution function over the polarization field configurations in the presence of a time-dependent external field. The Fokker–Planck equation in a Fourier representation is obtained, which can then be solved numerically for a finite number of modes. Calculation results are presented for one and three modes. These results show the hysteresis of the mean polarization as well as that of the mean squared gradient of the polarization.