Abstract
We propose a type of polarization-independent circulator based on ferrite and plasma materials in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab. First, on the basis of analyzing the wave equations in ferrite and plasma materials, TE and TM circulators are realized with ferrite and plasma in PhCs, respectively. Then, by properly combining these two types of circulators together, a polarization-independent circulator is achieved and investigated. The results show that, for both polarizations, the insertion loss and isolation for the polarization-independent circulator are less than 0.15 dB and more than 20 dB, respectively. Finite-element method is used to calculate the characteristics of the circulators and Nelder-Mead optimization method is employed to obtain the optimized parameters. The idea presented here may have potential applications in integrated photonic circuits and devices.
Highlights
Circulators are nonreciprocal devices that only allow waves to be transmitted along a specific direction and are widely used in modern communications technology in several critical applications
Several types of photonic crystal (PhC) circulators with high isolation and low insertion loss made from bismuth-iron-garnet (BIG) have been proposed[8,9,10]
We describe the fabrication of the TE, TM, and polarization-independent PhC circulators
Summary
Circulators are nonreciprocal devices that only allow waves to be transmitted along a specific direction and are widely used in modern communications technology in several critical applications. The mode equation is a function of frequency that is dependent on the parameters of the ferrite material and takes an identical form for the external magnetic fields in both the +z and −z directions.
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