Abstract
We discuss the polarization control in optical near fields and far fields by engineering nanostructures, focusing on the individual shapes of elemental structures and their arrangement, called elemental-shape and layout factors, respectively. These factors are physically related to electrical currents induced within elemental shapes and optical near fields between elemental shapes, respectively, which are then associated with polarization properties in a unified manner by using the concept of flow vectors. The proposed scheme explains polarizations in optical near and far fields in an intuitive manner, such as in analyzing layout dependence or symmetry of shapes. Together with the hierarchical properties of optical near fields, it also aids in the design of complex structures, such as three-dimensional multilayer nanostructures for polarization control devices.
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