Abstract

Brownian dipole photomotors derived from betaine and merocyanine dyes are examined. With a specific type of molecular photoexcitation and a specific relationship of the dipole moments of the ground and excited states, directed motion of the photomotor becomes symmetry-forbidden; the forbiddenness can be removed by molecular polarization effects. These effects become the predominant factor governing the direction of the motion and average velocity of photomotors, which can be an order of magnitude greater than for already known Brownian motors. These findings suggest guidelines for the molecular design of dipole photomotors with desired properties.

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