Abstract
The control of polarization state in soft and hard X-ray light is of crucial interest to probe structural and symmetry properties of matter. Thanks to their Apple-II type undulators, the FERMI-Free Electron Lasers are able to provide elliptical, circular or linearly polarized light within the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray range. In this paper, we report the characterization of the polarization state of FERMI FEL-2 down to 5 nm. The results show a high degree of polarization of the FEL pulses, typically above 95%. The campaign of measurements was performed at the Low Density Matter beamline using an electron Time-Of-Flight based polarimeter.
Highlights
Polarized light is a fundamental tool for studying structural and symmetry properties of matter with circular dichroism experiments
We perform a systematic characterization of the polarization state of FERMI FEL-2: in Section 2.1, we briefly describe the FERMI FEL-2 line
We have presented a study of the FEL polarization produced by FERMI FEL-2 in the soft X ray domain, for a large range of wavelengths and different undulator settings
Summary
Polarized light is a fundamental tool for studying structural and symmetry properties of matter with circular dichroism experiments. Variable-polarization undulators have long been used in synchrotron light sources to provide light of arbitrary polarization in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray domain albeit with a long pulse duration (picoseconds) and a low peak power [6,7,8,9,10,11]. High-harmonic-generation (HHG) sources can produce ultrashort pulses and they can be adjusted to control the polarization ellipticity [12,13,14]. HHG pulses have a low intensity and are generally limited to the extreme ultraviolet range due to a sharp drop of efficiency of the conversion process
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