Abstract
We report four-wave mixing with different polarization and spatial modes in a single 4H-silicon carbide photonic device. Our device shows great potential to perform high-dimensional multiplexing for optical communication and high-dimensional entanglement in quantum networks. We use a polarization-insensitive grating coupler and a multimode microring resonator that supports three polarization and spatial mode resonances. Finally, we show the polarization dependence of the third-order nonlinearity of 4H-silicon carbide. The measured nonlinear refractive index of the light polarized along the extraordinary axis, which is n2,TM = (13.1 ± 0.7) × 10−19 m2/W, is twice as large as that of the light polarized along the ordinary plane, n2,TE = (7.0 ± 0.3) × 10−19 m2/W, indicating that the extraordinary polarization is more efficient for nonlinear experiments in the 4H-silicon carbide integrated platforms as compared to the ordinary polarization.
Highlights
Four-wave mixing (FWM), a third-order nonlinear process, enables many applications in both classical optical communication and quantum communication systems, such as all-optical signal processing and correlated photon-pair generation.1,2 In the FWM process, two pump photons annihilate, while a photon pair, a signal, and an idler photon with new wavelengths are created
We report four-wave mixing with different polarization and spatial modes in a single 4H-silicon carbide photonic device
We show that the occurrence of three FWM processes with different polarization and spatial modes is achievable in a multimode 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) microring resonator
Summary
Four-wave mixing (FWM), a third-order nonlinear process, enables many applications in both classical optical communication and quantum communication systems, such as all-optical signal processing and correlated photon-pair generation. In the FWM process, two pump photons annihilate, while a photon pair, a signal, and an idler photon with new wavelengths are created. Efficient FWM and optical parametric oscillation with TE polarized light in the microring resonator, which enables significant nonlinear enhancement within a small footprint, have been demonstrated in 4H-SiC-on-insulator (SiCOI) integrated platforms, while nonlinear experiments with TM polarized light have not been reported yet. The vertical coupling scheme using gratings to couple light from the optical fiber to the planar waveguide has shown great advantages and convenience in integrated photonics, since it does not require post processing after the waveguide fabrication, such as cleaving and polishing. It enables device testing on wafer scale, benefiting large volume fabrication, and has large coupling tolerance. The grating coupler is polarization independent near 1550 nm, with a coupling efficiency of ∼−6.4 dB
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