Abstract
Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is used to quantify the structural alteration of collagen in stage-I,-II and -III non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) ex vivo tissue. The achiral and chiral molecular second-order susceptibility tensor components ratios (R and C, respectively), the degree of linear polarization (DLP) and the in-plane collagen fiber orientation (δ) were extracted. Further, texture analysis was performed on the SHG intensity, R, C, DLP and δ. The distributions of R, C, DLP and δ as well as the textural features of entropy, correlation and contrast show significant differences between normal and tumor tissues.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with 85% being classified as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [1]
The stained samples were used for determining the regions of interest (ROIs) and they have been used for secondharmonic generation (SHG) imaging without further preparation
The C-ratio images show that, the tissue samples were cut at random orientations, the majority of pixels contain collagen fibers that are oriented around α = 0
Summary
Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with 85% being classified as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [1]. The most important prognostic factor for NSCLC, is staging, which is defined by the anatomic extent of the disease. Staging is usually done by the TNM method based on tumour (T), lymph nodes (N) and metastases (M) factors, the combination of which determine the stages I-IV; the last mostly involves metastatic spread. While the focus of therapy for patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC is palliation, the treatment intent for stages I-IIIA is curative. The five-year survival rate for patients with stage-I NSCLC is 70%, dropping to around 1% for stage IV. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are critical to impact survival rate and quality of life [2]
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