Abstract
Although Italy had ratified the 1925 Geneva Protocol against the use of asphyxiating chemicals in war on April 3, 1928, Mussolini was willing to incur international condemnation by allowing the use of gas to expedite the conquest of Ethiopia. The Italian army’s deployment of chemical weapons facilitated its final victory by wearing down the Ethiopians and breaking their will to fight. In addition to the 1925 gas protocol, Italian troops violated other international pacts by freely bombing Red Cross ambulances, hospitals, and civilian targets.
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