Abstract
Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) functionalized with MXene-based three-dimensional nanomaterials are reportedfor rapid determinationof creatinine. Ti3C2TX MXene with in situ reduced AuNPs (MXene@AuNP) were used as a coreactant accelerator for efficient immobilization of enzymes. Creatinine could be oxidized by chitosan-embedded creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase, or sarcosine oxidase to generate H2O2, which could be electrochemically detected enhanced by Prussian blue (PB). The enzyme@CS/PB/MXene@AuNP/SPCE detected creatinine within the range 0.03-4.0mM, with a limit of detection of 0.01mM, with anaverage recovery of 96.8-103.7%. This indicates that the proposed biosensor is capable of detecting creatinine in a short amount of time (4min) within a ± 5% percentage error, in contrast with the standard clinical colorimetric method. With this approach, reproducible and stable electrochemical responses could be achieved for determinationof creatinine in serum, urine, or saliva. These results demonstrated its potential for deployment in resource-limited settings for early diagnosis and tracking the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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