Abstract
The article includes the presentation and preliminary characterisation of the obsidian inventory obtained during the five research seasons (2014–2018) at the site in Podlesie, Staszów district, Świętokrzyskie voievodship. Currently, it is one of the largest collections of artefacts of this raw material related to the Linear Pottery culture (104 examples), and at the same time the first obtained from the Połaniec Basin mesoregion. In the light of the current state of research, it is also one of the few inventories of this culture (outside the Rzeszów settlement cluster), in which the share of obsidian exceeded 4%. Its homogeneous nature and large size, as well as the obtained radiocarbon dates, to a very significant extent supplement the current knowledge about the initial phase of the Neolithic obsidian influx into the Upper Vistula basin area, at the end of the 6th millennium BC.
Highlights
Oder river basins lasted almost continuously from the end of the 6th to about the middle of the 4th millennia BC, with a varying degree of intensity and involving a various forms of inflow (e.g. Kozłowski 1970: 89; Kaczanowska 1980; 1985: 65; Szeliga 2007; 2009; Wilczyński 2010)
Interesting is the initial phase of this phenomenon, taking place during the development of the Linear Pottery culture and by far represented by the largest number of inventories, which represent the most extensive range of territorial spread
This article, including the presentation and preliminary characterisation of the first so-dated obsidian inventory from the Połaniec Basin, is a small but quite significant contribution to the study of the whole phenomenon of the inflow of this exotic material and its processing by the early agricultural communities settled in the Upper Vistula basin at the end of the 6th millennium BC
Summary
Oder river basins lasted almost continuously from the end of the 6th to about the middle of the 4th millennia BC, with a varying degree of intensity and involving a various forms of inflow (e.g. Kozłowski 1970: 89; Kaczanowska 1980; 1985: 65; Szeliga 2007; 2009; Wilczyński 2010). A slightly less numerous group are flakes (27 artefacts) and chips (17 specimens), comprising a total of 42.31% of the analysed collection (Fig. 4A) They are mostly of non-characteristic form, revealing a high degree of morphological and metric variations. The vast majority of them are pieces completely devoid of the cortex surfaces or with small areas of cortex on the upper surface This group includes both the products of blade or flake core preparation (Fig. 5: 3), as well as their repairs during the exploitation of the blanks, related in particular to the core’s angle correction (Fig. 5: 4) and the remains of unsuccessful blade knapping (Fig. 5: 5). The other retouched tools are represented by single specimens: a regular truncated blade (Fig. 6: 5), a scraper on a massive, cortical flake (Fig. 6: 11) and a perforator with hardly formed point (Fig. 6: 1)
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