Abstract
The cervical vagus nerve (CVN) should be viewed not only as anatomical entity, but also as a morphological entity of the peripheral autonomic nervous system; a composite of different fibers and anastomosing and hitchhiking branches of different origin with different neurotransmitters, which can act parasympathetic, sympathetic, somato-efferent or viscero-afferent in function.1 Anatomical variations exist and we report on three cases where an anomaly of the anatomy of the CVN was found during VNS (vagal nerve stimulation) implantation.
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