Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and chronic pain are frequently co-occurring, and the onset of either condition can either precede or follow the onset of the other. Notably, clinical outcome for pharmacological and rTMS treatment for depression is significantly worse in the presence of chronic pain symptoms. To improve clinical care for depression it is thus critical to address the comorbidity of depression and chronic pain in a unified approach rather than treating them as separate conditions. We examined whether an open label multi-target rTMS protocol including stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary motor cortex (M1), the most effective rTMS target for pain, would improve depressive and chronic pain symptoms more than a single target DLPFC stimulation.
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