Abstract
The right phrenic nerve (RPN) usually descends anterior to the mid to distal right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), and can be injured during electrical isolation of RSPV. To assess proximity of the nerve to RSPV antrum, high output bipolar pacing to check for RPN stimulation is typically utilized. Aberrant course of RPN, however, can increase risk of injury, requiring careful evaluation.
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