Abstract
Clinical pictures of infectious pneumonias are not specific in immunocompromised patients. The most appropriate diagnostic techniques are the most invasive. However, a rapid diagnosis can ameliorate the outcome. Bronchoalveolar lavage is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Other sampling procedures can be helpful (blood cultures, serologies, viremiae, antigenemiae, PCR, etc.). Pneumonias are mainly due to bacteria. The choice of the treatment is guided by 1) the kind and the timing of the immunodepression; 2) the clinical picture; 3) the local microbial ecology; and 4) a previous colonisation. The use of growth factors can be proposed in neutropenic patients when there is a failure of an apparently adequate antimicrobial treatment.
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