Abstract
Objective: Pneumonia, a frequent coexistent of diabetes, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The diabetic population is not only prone to pulmonary infection but it is also prone to different comorbidity and complication. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess and compare mortality in diabetic pneumonia and non-diabetic pneumonia group.
 Methods: This was a prospective case–control study conducted in two hospitals which included 76 patients with Group 1 (patients with diabetics) and 70 patients with Group 2 (patients who are non-diabetics).
 Results: Among 146 patients, mortality in diabetics was 5.47% in comparison with non-diabetics 4.10%. Patients in the diabetic group were significantly (p=0.044) more among pneumonia severity index (PSI) Class IV–V (9.21%) than PSI Class I-III (1.31%). Most of the patients had predisposing condition or underlying disease, hypertension (87.50% vs. 50%), pulmonary (37.50% vs. 83.33%), neurological (37.50% vs. 83.33%), and renal disease (37.5% in diabetic). The common complication in both groups was pleural effusion (50%) and septic shock (25%). Gram-negative bacteria (62.5% vs. 33.33%) and drug-resistant pathogens score (87.5% vs. 66.66%) were more prevalent in both groups.
 Conclusion: Our study reveals that poor long-term glycemic control among patients with diabetes clearly increases the risk of hospitalization and mortality. In non-diabetic pneumonia patients, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and preexisting pulmonary disease act as a predictor for mortality.
Highlights
Pneumonia, “the captain of men of death,” as described by William Osler, is one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in the clinical practice [1]
Qualitative data were analyzed using Chi-square test. p
The present study reported that mortality of patients in diabetic group was significantly (p=0.044) more among pneumonia severity index (PSI) Class IV-V (9.21%) than PSI Class I-III (1.31%)
Summary
“the captain of men of death,” as described by William Osler, is one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in the clinical practice [1]. According to the WHO data, each year 3–4 million people, especially children and the elderly, die from pneumonia worldwide [2]. Pneumonia is a lung infection involving the lung alveoli (air sacs) and can be caused by microbes, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi, characterized primarily by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs (alveoli are microscopic sacs in the lungs that absorb oxygen). The lungs are susceptible to infection because they interact with the outside environment. They are exposed to about 10,000 L of air per day, which may contain infectious or toxic agents. Infants and very young children are highly vulnerable, as are the elderly
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