Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a serious fungal infection among immunocompromised patients. In developed countries, the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of PcP have been clearly defined and well documented. However, in most developing countries, relatively little is known about the prevalence of pneumocystosis. Several articles covering African, Asian and American countries were reviewed in the present study. PcP was identified as a frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients from different geographic regions. A trend to an increasing rate of PcP was apparent in developing countries from 2002 to 2010.
Highlights
Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PcP) has long been recognized in patients with impaired immunity
We review published studies that have reported the frequency of PcP in developing countries, focusing mainly on more recent data
In an Ethiopian population, PcP was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 42.7 % of 131 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with atypical chest X-ray findings and whose sputum was smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) (Aderaye et al, 2008)
Summary
La pneumonie due à Pneumocystis jirovecii (PcP) est une infection mycosique sévère chez les patients immunodéprimés. Les données épidémiologiques et cliniques de la PcP sont bien documentées. Dans les pays en voie de développement, on dispose de peu d’informations concernant la prévalence de la pneumocystose. De nombreux articles qui concernent des pays d’Afrique, d’Asie et d’Amérique sont passés en revue dans ce travail. La PcP est une infection opportuniste fréquente chez les patients atteints de sida dans différentes régions géographiques. Une tendance à l’augmentation de l’incidence de la PcP a été observée dans les pays en développement entre 2002 et 2010. MOTS-CLÉS : Pneumocystis, VIH, infection opportuniste, pays en développement
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