Abstract
Mexico was the country to initiate massive vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) in children. There is no information regarding pneumococcal invasive disease (PID) in children before and after implementation of PCV-7 in Mexico or elsewhere in Latin America. During October 2005 to September 2010, active surveillance for pediatric PID was initiated at Tijuana General Hospital. Only culture-confirmed cases from sterile fluids were included in the study. Serotype identification was also performed. Twenty-eight pediatric PID cases were confirmed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main cause of pleural empyema (n = 13). It was also the second most common cause of confirmed bacterial meningitis (n = 10), followed by Neisseria meningitidis (n = ?), and the only cause of otomastoiditis with bacterial isolation (n = 5). Vaccine-associated serotypes decreased from 54% before PCV-7 introduction to the vaccination schedule, to only 5.6% after PCV-7 implementation. Serotypes 19A and 7F (47% and 33% respectively were predominant following PCV-7 vaccination. Serotype substitution in PID is present in the northern border of Mexico following PCV-7 vaccination in children.
Highlights
Mexico was the first country to initiate massive vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children
In Mexico, studies performed in tertiary care hospitals have shown that pneumococcal invasive disease (PID) is potentially the main cause of bacterial meningitis and pleural empyema [4,5]
From 23 cases with pleural empyemas, isolation was not obtained in 10 patients, but S. pneumoniae caused 100% of all culture-confirmed cases (n = 13), as well as 100% of culture-confirmed mastoiditis
Summary
Mexico was the first country to initiate massive vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children. There is no information regarding pneumococcal invasive disease (PID) in children before and after implementation of PCV-7 in Mexico or elsewhere in Latin America. Conclusions: Serotype substitution in PID is present in the northern border of Mexico following PCV-7 vaccination in children. In Mexico, studies performed in tertiary care hospitals have shown that PID is potentially the main cause of bacterial meningitis and pleural empyema [4,5]. To date no prospective studies have yet been performed that examine serotype distribution and/or substitution as cause of PID, before and after global implementation of PCV-7, in Mexico. The border between Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, California, is one of the busiest in the world, with health issues affecting both countries and consequent programs being held
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
