Pneumatically Driven Microfluidic Platform and Fully Automated Particle Concentration System for the Capture and Enrichment of Pathogens.

Abstract

In this study, we developed a pneumatically driven microfluidic platform (PDMFP) operated by a fully automated particle concentration system (FAPCS) for the pretreatment of micro- and nano-sized materials. The proposed PDMFP comprises a 3D network with a curved fluidic chamber and channel, five on/off pneumatic valves for blocking fluid flow, and a sieve valve for sequential trapping of microbeads and target particles. Using this setup, concentrated targets are automatically released into an outlet port. The FAPCS mainly comprises solenoid valves, glass reservoirs, a regulator, pressure sensor, main printed circuit board, and liquid crystal display touch panel. All pneumatic valves in the microfluidic platform as well as the working fluids in the glass reservoirs are controlled using FAPCS. The flow rate of the working fluids is measured to demonstrate the sequential programed operation of the proposed pretreatment process using FAPCS. In our study, we successfully achieved rapid and efficient enrichment using PDMFP-FAPCS with fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli. With pretreatment-10 min for the microbead concentration and 25 min for target binding-almost all the target bacteria could be captured. A total of 526 Gram-negative bacteria were attached to 82 beads, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were attached to only 2 of the 100 beads. Finally, we evaluated the PDMFP-FAPCS for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) (RBD-OMVs). Specific probes involved in PDMFP-FAPCS successfully isolated RBD-OMVs. Thus, PDMFP-FAPCS exhibits excellent enrichment of particles, including microbes and nanovesicles, and is an effective pretreatment platform for disease diagnosis and investigation.