PMMA-CNT-HAp nanocomposites optimized for 3D-printing applications

Abstract

PMMA/CNT/HAp nanocomposites with various CNT and HAp ratios were prepared using melt mixing technique. Mechanical properties, rheological behavior, morphology and biocompatibility of the samples were reported. Results indicated that increasing the content of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles leads to lower mechanical properties which are pertaining to the low aspect ratio of hydroxyapatite particles and also lack of sufficient adhesion to the matrix. Nano-indentation test results revealed that upon addition of only 4 wt% HAp and 0.1 wt% CNT, modulus and hardness were improved 325 and 139%, respectively. This is favorable in implant applications. Rheological measurements and morphology depictions portrayed a better distribution for 2 wt% nanocomposite. Biocompatibility test results indicated that this nanocomposite accelerates cell attachment, growth, and proliferation. This observation propose this sample as a potential candidate for bone tissue applications. 3D-printing filaments were also successfully prepared using the optimized composition nanocomposite and specimens were printed.