Abstract
ABSTRACT Phenols and phthalates (PAEs) are always linked with the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), while the water soluble ions (WSIs) are connected to the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). A total of PM2.5 associated 20 phenols, 6 phthalates, and 9 WSIs were detected using GC-MS, ICS-1100, ICP-OES, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer for 5 stationary incineration sources including the domestic garbage (DG), garbage-fired power plant (GFPP), workshop of cable combustion for metal reclamation (WCC), peanut straw (PS), and wheat straw (WS). The anion equivalent (AE) and cation equivalent (CE) concentrations indicated that the emitted PM2.5 was alkaline for all the 5 combustion sources. Cl– possessed high contents among all the 5 burning sources and the highest value occurred at WCC due to the high Cl content in PVC. The WSI profiles were different from each other for the 5 incineration sources on the basis of high coefficients of divergence (CDs). The mass contributions of 9 WSIs in PM2.5 from 5 sources were far lower than those of atmospheric PM2.5. DEHP and DBP dominated in PM2.5 from 4 sources, while WCC possessed high levels of DEHP, DNOP, and DBP. WCC possessed the highest daily intakes of PAEs due to its highest ∑6PAEs of 32000 ng g–1 resulted from the high usage of plasticizers in PVC. The PAE profile similarities were found for both GFPP vs. DG and PS vs. WS based on low CDs. Only 11 phenols were detected for the 5 sources and WCC possessed the highest level of phenols although only phenol was detected. WS had the high levels of phenols due to the using of phenolic pesticides during wheat growth process.
Highlights
The same order as WCC > garbage-fired power plant (GFPP) > domestic garbage (DG) > peanut straw (PS) > wheat straw (WS) was found for the total daily intake (DI) among all the age groups, which was attributed to the same parameters for different sources within one age group
PM2.5 bounded 6 PAEs, 9 water soluble ions (WSIs), and 20 phenols were analyzed for the 5 combustion sources including garbage-fired power plant (GFPP, n = 4), peanut straw (PS, n = 4), wheat straw (WS, n = 4), domestic garbage fired for volume reduction (DG, n = 3), and workshop of cable combustion for metal reclamation (WCC, n = 3) to obtain the information about: 1) contents of these pollutants for the 5 incineration sources; 2) daily intakes of PAEs through ingestion and dermal adsorption; and 3) PAE, phenols, and WSI profile similarities between any 2 of 5 emission sources
DEHP and DBP were top PAEs among 4 sources except for WCC, and DEHP, DNOP, and DBP were the predominant PAEs for WCC
Summary
Fine particle matte (PM), especially PM with aerodynamic diameter lessen than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), which impact human health and visibility negatively, and promote the formation of serious haze (Li et al, 2017a, b; Li et al, 2018a, b; Masekameni et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2018a; Begum and Hopke, 2019; Ding et al, 2019; Hu et al, 2019; Li et al, 2019a, b; Zhang et al, 2019). As a group of well known plasticizers or softening agents, phthalates are produced in large volumes and used in numerous consumer products mainly including PVC plastics, personal care products, food packaging, children's toys, and building materials, which can damage human endocrine or reproductive systems (Ji et al, 2014; Ma et al, 2014) They are physically bound to the polymer instead of covalent bonding and escape of PAEs from these materials after a long time use may be an important contributor to PAEs in different environmental media (Ji et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2016). A comprehensive study about emission characteristics of WSIs, phenols, and PAEs from 5 combustion sources including PS, WS, GFPP, DG, and WCC was conducted and aimed to investigate the contents and profiles of these pollutants, and evaluate the daily intakes of PAEs
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
