Abstract
This study is focused on the linkage between lung cancer incidence rates and PM2.5 pollution. Researches conducted by leading research organizations in U.S. and Europe were reviewed and analyzed, and strong evidence exists that elevated fine particulate air pollution exposures are associated with significant increases in lung cancer mortality. The linkage between fine particulate air pollution and lung cancer motility is observed even after controlling for cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, and other risk factors. This finding is in alignment with observations in China which show an upward trend of lung cancer incidences coupled with a downward trend in the number of smokers. Currently, China lacks systematic research on the effect of PM2.5 on lung cancer. As a result, this paper investigated studies on the linkage between pollution and lung cancer incidence from decades of research conducted in the U.S. and Europe. One important step in solving this issue in China is through classifying PM2.5 pollution as a human cacinogen. Adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are also key to the successful control of PM2.5 pollution and smog.
Highlights
Lung cancer is estimated to account for almost 1.4 million cases of cancer each year and has been theHow to cite this paper: Hu, D. and Jiang, J.Y. (2014) PM2.5 Pollution and Risk for Lung Cancer: A Rising Issue in China
The human body is unable to filter out small particulates [3] and as a result, dust and particulate matter that are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) can enter into the alveoli in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs
Results from the 1995 ACS study came under intense scrutiny in 1997 when the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used it in support of new National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 [12]
Summary
Lung cancer is estimated to account for almost 1.4 million cases of cancer each year and has been theHow to cite this paper: Hu, D. and Jiang, J.Y. (2014) PM2.5 Pollution and Risk for Lung Cancer: A Rising Issue in China. Lung cancer is estimated to account for almost 1.4 million cases of cancer each year and has been the. (2014) PM2.5 Pollution and Risk for Lung Cancer: A Rising Issue in China. Y. Jiang most common cancer in the world for more than two decades [1]. It has been known that smoking and occupational exposure leads to increased cases of lung cancer. In some large cities in China, while the number of smokers has decreased and health and safety conditions at work places have improved, an upward trend in lung cancer cases is still observed [2]. Researchers in China have started to identify a linkage between lung cancer and particulate pollution, and suspect that the increased smog around the country may be causing increased cases of lung cancer
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