PM 8/2(1): Coniferae

Abstract

EPPO BulletinVolume 39, Issue 3 p. 420-449 Free Access PM 8/2(1): Coniferae First published: 27 November 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02311.xCitations: 3AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Specific scope The purpose of the EPPO Standard on Coniferae is to recommend to EPPO Member Governments the phytosanitary measures, which they should use or require for Coniferae plants and plant products moving in international trade, to prevent the introduction and spread of regulated pests. Certain of these recommendations are addressed to all EPPO Member Governments, others are addressed only to countries considered to face a certain level of risk from the introduction and spread of the pests recommended for regulation concerned. These recommendations are derived: • from the EPPO Standards PM 1/2 (EPPO A1 and A2 lists) • from the former EPPO standard PM 2 (pest-specific phytosanitary measures) (which was withdrawn in 2006 by the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations) • from Pest Risk Analysis • from the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations • from the ISPM n°15 ‘Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade’. Specific approval and amendment Approved in 2009-09. 1. Plants and commodities concerned This Standard relates to all plants of Order Coniferae, i.e. members principally of families Cupressaceae and Pinaceae, but also Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Phyllocladaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxaceae and Taxodiaceae (NB some authors separate Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae into Taxales). It covers certain specified genera, which are recognized to have species which are hosts to the regulated pests specified for the EPPO region: Abies, Juniperus, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga. Requirements specific to these genera are given separately. The Standard also covers all other genera of Coniferae, through requirements made for the whole Order. The Standard concerns the commodities that are regularly traded, i.e. wood, bark, plants for planting, cut branches. Wood packaging material, although not a commodity per se, is also included. Plants for planting are in a few cases considered at the species level, but in general at the genus level. Coniferae wood may be traded as pure or mixed consignments. Since the genus should be indicated on certificates, every genus present should be specified in the case of mixed consignments. Such consignments should satisfy all the requirements for every genus present. Wood commodities Wood – a commodity class for round wood, sawn wood, wood chips or dunnage, with or without bark (ISPM 5). Wood packaging material – wood or wood products (excluding paper products) used in supporting, protecting or carrying a commodity (includes dunnage) (ISPM 5). Because this is not a commodity per se, it is separated from wood. It includes wooden structures that accompany traded commodities such as pallets, boxes, crates, spools, dunnage, shavings/excelsior. The scheme in Appendix 2 shows the relationship between the different types of wood commodities. The following forest products are not wood commodities but constitute separate commodity types: Cut branches – part of the general commodity type ‘cut flowers and branches’. For Coniferae, this commodity type includes ornamental foliage and particularly Christmas trees (when traded without roots). Isolated bark – bark, which is no longer attached to wood. Isolated bark may contain pieces of wood with bark. Plants for planting (excluding seeds and germplasm) – this commodity type mainly includes young seedlings (1–5 years old, used for re-forestation), Christmas trees with roots (5–10 years), and nursery plants. In principle, it also includes quite large trees (<20 years) for transplanting to gardens, amenity plantings or architectural plantings and includes naturally or artificially dwarfed plants (bonsais). The risks of transporting regulated pests are different for trees of different ages [for example scolytids and cerambycids rarely attack young trees (<7 years) in contrast to curculionids, which develop in seedlings]. Other definitions Bark – the layer of a woody trunk, branch or root outside the cambium (see draft supplement to ISPM 5 Debarked and bark-free wood). Bark-free wood – wood from which all bark, except ingrown bark around knots, and bark pockets between rings of annual growth has been removed (see draft supplement to ISPM 5 Debarked and bark-free wood). Debarked wood – wood that has been subjected to any process designed to remove bark from wood. (Debarked wood is not necessarily bark-free wood) (see draft supplement to ISPM 5 Debarked and bark-free wood). Debarking – a process designed to remove a large majority of the bark, and thereby producing debarked wood. Heat treatment – a process in which a commodity is heated until the core temperature reached at least 56°C for 30 min according to an officially recognized technical specification. 2. Pests recommended for regulation of coniferae This standard relates to the EPPO A1 and A2 pests recognized as of primary importance for Coniferae (EPPO Standard PM 1/2) including pests, which EPPO recommends for regulation. The phytosanitary measures described in the standard are primarily aimed at preventing the introduction and spread of these specific pests in the EPPO region. Details on these pests can be found on the EPPO website (http://www.eppo.org), in Quarantine Pests for Europe (EPPO/CABI, 1997) or in Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2005, pp. 387–398, 402–408, 445–455) for more recent additions to the lists. 2.1 Pests of coniferae Abies A1 pests Insects Acleris gloveranaAcleris varianaChoristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalisDryocoetes confususGnathotrichus sulcatusMalacosoma disstria Monochamus spp. (vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus): Monochamus alternatus Monochamus marmorator Monochamus obtusus Monochamus scutellatus Monochamus titillatorOrgyia pseudotsugataNematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium abietinumArceuthobium douglasiiArceuthobium laricis A2 pests Insects Dendrolimus sibiricusDendrolimus superansIps hauseriIps subelongatusSirex ermak Tetropium gracilicorne Fungi Melampsora medusae Chamaecyparis A1 pests Acari Oligonychus perditus Insects Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus)NematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiPhytophthora lateralisPhellinus weirii A2 pests Cryptomeria A1 pests Acari Oligonychus perditus Insects Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus)NematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilus A2 pests Juniperus A1 pests Acari Oligonychus perditus Insects Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus)NematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiPhellinus weiriiGymnosporangium clavipesGymnosporangium globosumGymnosporangium juniperi-virginianaeGymnosporangium yamadae A2 pests Larix A1 pests Insects Choristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalisGnathotrichus sulcatusMalacosoma disstria Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus): Monochamus alternatus Monochamus scutellatusStrobilomyia viariaNematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiMycosphaerella laricis-leptolepidisPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium laricisArceuthobium pusillum A2 pests Insects Dendrolimus sibiricusDendrolimus superansIps hauseriIps subelongatusScolytus morawitzi Sirex ermak Tetropium gracilicorneXylotrechus altaicusFungiBotryosphaeria laricinaMelampsora medusae Picea A1 pests Insects Acleris gloveranaAcleris varianaChoristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalisDendroctonus frontalisDendroctonus rufipennisGnathotrichus sulcatusMalacosoma disstria Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus): Monochamus alternatus Monochamus marmorator Monochamus scutellatus Monochamus titillatorPissodes nemorensisPissodes strobiNematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiChrysomyxa arctostaphyliPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium douglasiiArceuthobium lariciArceuthobium pusillumArceuthobium tsugense A2 pests Insects Dendrolimus sibiricusDendrolimus superansIps hauseriIps subelongatusSirex ermak Tetropium gracilicorne Fungi Melampsora medusae Pinus A1 pests Insects Choristoneura fumiferanaDendroctonus adjunctusDendroctonus brevicomisDendroctonus frontalisDendroctonus ponderosaeGnathotrichus sulcatusIps calligraphusIps confususIps grandicollisIps leconteiIps paraconfususIps piniIps plastographusMalacosoma disstria Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus): Monochamus alternatus Monochamus carolinensis Monochamus mutator Monochamus nitens Monochamus notatus Monochamus obtusus Monochamus scutellatus Monochamus titillatorPissodes nemorensisPissodes strobiPissodes terminalisNematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiAtropellis pinicolaAtropellis piniphilaCronartium coleosporioidesCronartium comandraeCronartium comptoniaeCronartium fusiformeCronartium himalayenseCronartium quercuumEndocronartium harknessiiGibberella circinataMycosphaerella gibsoniiOphiostoma wageneriPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium americanumArceuthobium campylopodumArceuthobium laricisArceuthobium minutissimumArceuthobium occidentaleArceuthobium pusillumArceuthobium tsugenseArceuthobium vaginatum A2 pests Insects Dendrolimus sibiricusDendrolimus superansIps hauseriIps subelongatusSirex ermak Tetropium gracilicorne Fungi Cronartium kamtschaticumMelampsora medusae Mycosphaerella dearnessii Pseudotsuga A1 pests Insects Acleris gloveranaChoristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalisDendroctonus pseudotsugaeGnathotrichus sulcatusMalacosoma disstria Monochamus obtusus (vectors of B. xylophilus)Orgyia pseudotsugataNematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiGibberella circinataOphiostoma wageneriPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium douglasii A2 pests Fungi Botryosphaeria laricina Melampsora medusae Taxus A1 pests Acari Oligonychus perditus Nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Fungi Phytophthora lateralis A2 pests Thuja A1 pests Fungi Phellinus weirii A2 pests Tsuga A1 pests Insects Acleris gloveranaChoristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalisGnathotrichus sulcatus Monochamus spp. (vectors of B. xylophilus)NematodesBursaphelenchus xylophilusFungiMelampsora farlowiiPhellinus weiriiParasitic plantsArceuthobium laricisArceuthobium tsugense A2 pests Insects Dendrolimus sibiricus Dendrolimus superans 2.2 Other pests The above lists cover all EPPO A1 and A2 pests recommended for regulation, which could be introduced on Coniferae commodities. They do not necessarily cover all pests recommended for regulation on commodities of host conifer genera other than their main hosts or species related to the listed regulated pests (e.g. Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lasiocampidae). New emerging pest situations, based on PRA, may lead to addition of pests to the standard. 2.3 Soil-borne pests Certain pests of EPPO A1 and A2 lists may be associated with consignments of Coniferae when soil or growing medium is attached. The following potato pests may be contaminating pests: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Globodera pallida Globodera rostochiensis Synchytrium endobioticum 3. Commodity-specific phytosanitary requirements for coniferae Each pest recommended for regulation has been considered by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations and pest-specific phytosanitary requirements were recommended (EPPO Standards PM 2, withdrawn in 2006). These former pest-specific requirements have been analysed and their content reviewed and rearranged into recommended commodity-specific requirements for Coniferae. The commodity-specific requirements also include general measures for polyphagous, contaminating and other exotic pests which may be associated with consignments of Coniferae. In many places, the commodity-specific requirements refer to specific phytosanitary procedures. These are described in detail in separate EPPO Standards or in appendices to this Standard. Normally, it is recommended that the requirements fulfilled by the exporting countries are accepted by the importing country, on the basis of phytosanitary certification. However, in certain cases where the trade is new, there remains a degree of uncertainty about the adequacy of the measures, which can only be resolved by following appropriate transitional procedures for their application in practice. These procedures should be developed in the framework of transitional arrangements as described in Appendix 1. Cases where such special procedures may apply are specifically identified in this section, and the corresponding requirements are preceded by the phrasing: ‘subject, where appropriate, to special procedures under transitional arrangements’. Regulation of coniferae pests A1 pests All EPPO countries are recommended to regulate as quarantine pests the Coniferae pests in the EPPO A1 list (see Section 2). A2 pests For EPPO A2 pests recommended for regulation (see Section 2), EPPO countries where a given A2 pest does not occur, or where it is not widely distributed, are recommended to regulate it as a quarantine pest. If they do, they are recommended to make the requirements specified for this pest. 4. List of recommended phytosanitary measures 4.1. General requirements for Coniferae Plants for planting of Coniferae PC11 PC – Phytosanitary Certificate and, if appropriate, RC22 RC – Re-export Phytosanitary Certificate Plants for planting of Coniferae with roots, planted or intended for planting, grown in the open air originating in countries where any of the following pest occur: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicusGlobodera pallidaGlobodera rostochiensisSynchytrium endobioticum Place of production freedom for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis, Synchytrium endobioticum Plants for planting (except seeds) of Coniferae originating in countries where Phellinus weirii occurs Pest-free area for Phellinus weirii Plants for planting of Coniferae with soil and growing medium attached or associated Grown according to EPPO Standard PM 3/54 Plants for planting of Coniferae other than seeds and plants in tissue culture Clean (i.e. free from plant debris) and free from inflorescence and cones/fruitsANDGrown in nurseriesANDInspected prior to export and found free from pests of EPPO A1 and A2 lists, or subjected to appropriate treatment to eliminate such organisms Plants for planting (except seeds) of Coniferae (except Thuja and Taxus) originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Pest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorThe host plants should have been tested and found free from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vectors and produced under vector-proof conditions ANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Cut branches of Coniferae PC and, if appropriate, RC Cut branches of Coniferae (except Thuja and Taxus) originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Pest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTested and found free from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vectors and must come from a place of production whose immediate vicinity was free from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.ANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Wood of Coniferae PC and, if appropriate, RC Wood of Coniferae (except Cryptomeria and Taxus) originating in countries where Phellinus weirii occurs Pest-free area for Phellinus weiriiorHeat-treated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/6orFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7 Wood (including squared wood, but excepting packaging wood, particle wood and waste wood) of Coniferae (except Thuja and Taxus) originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Debarked and heat treated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/6orTreated with ionizing radiation according to EPPO Standard PM 10/8 orFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7ORPest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Particle wood (chips, particles) and waste wood (sawdust, shavings, scrap) of Coniferae (except Thuja and Taxus) originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Heat-treatedORPest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Wood packaging material of Coniferae Requirements of ISPM 15 1PC – Phytosanitary Certificate 2 RC – Re-export Phytosanitary Certificate Isolated bark of Coniferae PC and, if appropriate, RC Isolated bark of Coniferae (except Cryptomeria and Taxus) originating in countries where Phellinus weirii occurs Pest-free area for Phellinus weiriiorHeat-treated Isolated bark of Coniferae originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus or its vectors occur Pest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorHeat-treated 4.2. Genus-specific requirements for Coniferae Requirements for Abies Plants for planting (except seeds) of Abies originating in countries where any of the following pests occur:Acleris gloverana, Acleris variana, Arceuthobium abietinum, Arceuthobium duglasii, Arceuthobium laricis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Dryocetes confusus, Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus, Malacosoma disstria, Melampsora medusae, Phellinus weirii, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Sirex ermak, Tetropium gracilicorne Pest-free area for:Acleris gloverana, Acleris variana,Arceuthobium abietinum, Arceuthobium duglasii,Arceuthobium laricis, Choristoneura fumiferana,Choristoneura occidentalis, Dryocetes confusus,Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus, Malacosoma disstria,Melampsora medusae, Phellinus weirii,Orgyia pseudotsugata, Sirex ermak, Tetropium gracilicorne Plants for planting (except seeds) of Abies originating in countries where Dendrolimus sibiricus or Dendrolimus superans occurs Free from soil according to EPPO Standard PM 3/54ANDHarvested and imported only in the period between 1st October and 31st MarchorPest-free area for Dendrolimus sibiricus and Dendrolimus superansorGrown in protected conditions Cut branches of Abies originating in countries where any of the following pests occur:Acleris gloverana, Acleris variana, Arceuthobium abietinum, Arceuthobium duglasii, Arceuthobium laricis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Dryocetes confusus, Malacosoma disstria, Melampsora medusae, Phellinus weirii, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Tetropium gracilicorne Pest-free area for:Acleris gloverana, Acleris variana, Arceuthobium abietinum, Arceuthobium duglasii, Arceuthobium laricis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Dryocetes confusus, Malacosoma disstria, Melampsora medusae, Phellinus weirii, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Tetropium gracilicorne Cut branches (including Christmas trees without soil) of Abies originating in countries where Dendrolimus sibiricus or Dendrolimus superans occurs Harvested and imported only in the period between 1st October and 31st MarchorPest-free area for Dendrolimus sibiricus and Dendrolimus superansorGrown in protected conditions Wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where following Monochamus spp. (vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) occur :Monochamus alternatusMonochamus marmoratorMonochamus obtususMonochamus scutellatusMonochamus titillator Debarked and heat-treated (by using a reliable method/process)orChemical-pressure-impregnation treatmentorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7ORPest-free area for specified Monochamus spp.ANDTransported outside of specified Monochamus spp. flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with specified Monochamus spp.orTransported closed, to prevent infestation Non-squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Tetropium gracilicorne occurs Debarked and heat-treated (by using a reliable method/process)orChemical-pressure-impregnation treatmentorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7ORPest-free area for Tetropium gracilicorneANDTransported outside of Tetropium gracilicorne flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Tetropium gracilicorneorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Non-squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Sirex ermak occurs Heat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7orTreated using chemical pressure impregnationORPest-free area for Sirex ermakANDTransported outside of Sirex ermak flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Sirex ermakorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Non-squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Dendrolimus sibiricus or Dendrolimus superans occurs DebarkedorHarvested and imported only in the period between 1st October and 31st MarchorPest-free area for Dendrolimus sibiricus and Dendrolimus superansorHeat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7 Particle wood or waste wood of Abies originating in countries where Gnathotrichus sulcatus occurs Heat-treatedORPest-free area for Gnathotrichus sulcatusANDTransported outside of Gnathotrichus sulcatus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Gnathotrichus sulcatusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Particle wood or waste wood of Abies originating in countries where Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri or Ips subelongatus occurs Produced from debarked woodorHeat-treatedORPest-free area for Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatusANDTransported outside of Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Non-squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Gnathotrichus sulcatus occurs other than particle wood or waste wood Heat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7orTreated using chemical pressure impregnationORPest-free area for Gnathotrichus sulcatusANDTransported outside of Gnathotrichus sulcatus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Gnathotrichus sulcatusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Non-squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri or Ips subelongatus occurs other than particle wood or waste wood Bark-freeorHeat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7orTreated using chemical pressure impregnationORPest-free area for Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatusANDTransported outside of Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Dryocoetes confusus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Tetropium gracilicorne occurs Heat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7orTreated using chemical pressure impregnationORPest-free area for Tetropium gracilicorneANDTransported outside of Tetropium gracilicorne flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Tetropium gracilicorneorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Squared wood (except packaging wood) of Abies originating in countries where Sirex ermak occurs Heat-treatedorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7orTreated using chemical pressure impregnationORPest-free area for Sirex ermakANDTransported outside of Sirex ermak flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Sirex ermakorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Isolated bark of Abies originating in countries where any of the following pests occur:Choristoneura fumiferana,Choristoneura occidentalis, Pest-free area for:Choristoneura fumiferanaChoristoneura occidentalis Isolated bark of Abies originating in countries where Dryocoetes confusus, Gnathotrichus sulcatus, Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus, Malacosoma disstria or Tetropium gracilicorne occurs Heat-treatedorComposted according to EPPO Standard PM 3/53ORPest-free area for Dryocoetes confusus, Gnathotrichus sulcatus, Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus, Malacosoma disstria and Tetropium gracilicorneANDTransported outside of Dryocoetes confusus, Gnathotrichus sulcatus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Dryocoetes confusus, Gnathotrichus sulcatus, Ips hauseri and Ips subelongatusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Isolated bark of Abies originating in countries where the following Monochamus spp. (vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) occur :Monochamus alternatus,Monochamus marmorator,Monochamus obtusus,Monochamus scutellatus,Monochamus titillator Heat-treatedorComposted according to EPPO Standard PM 3/53ORPest-free area for specified Monochamus spp.ANDTransported outside of specified Monochamus spp. flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with specified Monochamus spp.orTransported closed, to prevent infestation Requirements for Chamaecyparis Plants for planting (except seeds) of Chamaecyparis originating in countries where Oligonychus perditus occurs Pest-free area for Oligonychus perditusorPlace of production freedom for Oligonychus perditus Plants for planting (except seeds) of Chamaecyparis originating in countries where Phytophthora lateralis occurs Pest-free area for Phytophthora lateralisorPlace of production freedom and appropriate buffer zone for Phytophthora lateralisorPest-free place of production and exclusion measures for running water Requirements for Cryptomeria Plants for planting (except seeds) of Cryptomeria originating in countries where Oligonychus perditus occurs Pest-free area for Oligonychus perditusorPlace of production freedom for Oligonychus perditus Cut branches of Cryptomeria originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Pest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTested and found free from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vectors and must come from a place of production whose immediate vicinity was free from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus according to EPPO National Regulatory Control System No 9/1ANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Wood (including squared wood, but excepting packaging wood, particle wood and waste wood) of Cryptomeria originating in countries where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus occurs Debarked and heat treated (by using a reliable method/process)orChemical-pressure-impregnation treatmentorFumigated according to EPPO Standard PM 10/7ORPest-free area for Bursaphelenchus xylophilusANDTransported outside of Monochamus flight periodorNot transported through areas infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilusorTransported closed, to prevent infestation Requirements for Juniperus Plants for planting (except seeds) of Juniperus originating in countries where Oligonychus perditus occurs Place of production freedom for Oligonychus perditusorPest-free area for Oligonychus perditus Plants for planting (except seeds) of Juniperus originating in countries where Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae or Gymnosporangium yamadae occur Pest-free area for Place of production freedom for Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and Gymnosporangium yamadaeorPest-free place of production for Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and Gymnosporangium yamadaeorPost entry quarantine for at least one growing season Cut branches of Juniperus originating in countries where Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae or Gymnosporangium yamadae occur Pest-free area for Place of production freedom for Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and Gymnosporangium yamadaeorPest-free place of production for Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium globosum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and Gymnosporangium yamadaeorPost entry quarantine for at least one growing season Requirements for Larix Plants for planting (except seeds) of Larix originating in countries where any of the following pests occur:Arceuthobium pusillum,