Abstract
Chapter 10 examines Plutarch’s account of Theban fifth- and fourth-century history in the Moralia and a number of Lives, focussing on the Persian Wars, the Peloponnesian War and the Spartan hegemony, the Theban hegemony, the conflict with Macedon, and the destruction of Thebes in 335 BCE. It argues that Plutarch acknowledges Thebes’ Medism but, following Thucydides, attributes it to the city’s oligarchical regime at the time. He also acknowledges the hostility of Thebes towards Athens during the Peloponnesian War, but counterbalances it by highlighting the synergy of Thebes and Athens both for the liberation of Athens by Thrasybulus and for the expulsion of the Spartans from the Theban Cadmea. Plutarch has much to say about the architects of the Theban hegemony, Epaminondas and Pelopidas, whereas in his account of Thebes’ conflict with Macedon he links Thebes and Athens, thus showing his loyalty to Thebes and his admiration for Athens.
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