Abstract
Fractal antennas are characterized by space filling and self-similarity properties which results in considerable size reduction and multiband operation as compared to conventional microstrip antenna. This paper outlines a multiband antenna design based on fractal concepts. Fractal antennas show multiband behavior due to self-similarity in their structure. The plus shaped fractal antenna has been designed on a substrate of dielectric constant EURr = 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm. The proposed antenna is characterized by a compact size and it is microstrip feed fractal patch of order 1/3. It is observed that the antenna is radiating at multiple resonant frequencies. The resonant frequency is reduced from 2.2 GHz to 900 MHz after I & II iterations respectively. Thus considerable size reduction of 81.77% & overall bandwidth of 12.92% are achieved. The proposed antenna is simulated using the method of moment based commercial software (IE3D) and it is found that simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Highlights
In the study of antennas, fractal antenna theory is a relatively new area
Fractal antennas are characterized by space filling and self-similarity properties which results in considerable size reduction and multiband operation as compared to conventional microstrip antenna
From the results it is clear that the resonant frequency of the antenna 1 i.e., modified base antenna with slot is fr = 1.27 GHz which is lower compared to the base antenna without slot
Summary
In the study of antennas, fractal antenna theory is a relatively new area. The term “fractal” means broken or irregular fragments It was originally coined by Mandelbrot (1983) to describe a family of complex shapes that possess an inherent self-similarity or self-affinity in their geometrical structure. One of the most promising area fractal electrodynamics researches is in its application to antenna theory and design. A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole and this property is called self-similarity. Modern telecommunication systems require the antenna with wider bandwidth and smaller dimension than conventionally possible This has initiated antenna research in various directions, are of which is by using fractal shaped antenna elements. In recent years several fractal geometries have been introduced for antenna application with varying degree of success in improving antenna
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