Abstract
Biology of pluripotency is a modern field of biological science, and at the same time a tool for modeling human morphogenesis in vitro. Pluripotency is the property of cells to self-renew and differentiate into all types of cells of an adult organism, which appears in early embryogenesis in mammals. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have limitless potential in regenerative and translational medicine, which open up perspectives for solving multiple diseases, including hereditary ones. This review describes the characteristics and uniqueness of PSCs, modeling of early human morphogenesis in vitro in blastocyst-like structures and gastruloids, modeling of organogenesis in organoids. Next, we considered the use of PSCs in regenerative medicine with their risks of capability to oncogenicity and immunogenicity in implication of a cell replacement therapy. However, therapeutic approaches using PSCs are still in their infancy and need to be deeply scrutinized.
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