Abstract
Plume formation in a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity fluid placed on a very hot surface involves an intermediate step—small-scale convection in the thermal boundary layer. We perform numerical simulations and suggest a simple analysis of this process using the stagnant lid convection theory and Canright and Morris’ theory of Rayleigh–Taylor instability of two layers with different viscosities. We show that plume formation can approximately be predicted from the requirement that the growth of the large-scale instability becomes faster than the growth of the convecting thermal boundary layer.
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