Plonowanie i jakość nasion łubinu żółtego oraz jego wpływ następczy w warunkach stosowania konwencjonalnej uprawy roli i wieloletnich uproszczeń uprawowych

Abstract

Aim of study. The main aim of the study was to determine the influence of three soil tillage systems (conventional, reduced, and direct sowing) on the development, yield, sowing value, feed value and economic effect of yellow lupin cultivation. In addition, the research included assessment of the influence of the tillage system and diversified nitrogen fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and winter rape as well as the influence of yellow lupin as a forecrop. Material and methods. Between 2012 and 2017 field experiments were conducted at the Research Station in Złotniki, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland. The experiments were two-factorial trials in a split-plot design in four replications. The first factor was the soil tillage system (conventional, reduced, direct sowing). The other factor in the experiments on winter wheat and rape was nitrogen fertilization at doses of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N·ha−1. Summary. During the growing season the development of yellow lupin depended on the weather conditions most. There were no significant differences between the conventional and reduced tillage systems in: the plant density, LAI, the dry mass of roots and nodules, the number of flowers on the main stem and branches per plant, the number of flowers shed, the height of plants, the number of pods and seeds per plant, the seed yield and protein efficiency. Conventional tillage ensured the highest income and the lowest costs of seed production. The experiment showed that the yield of winter wheat cultivated after yellow lupin was about 1.2 t·ha−1 (19.3%) greater than the yield of winter wheat cultivated after winter rape. The optimal dose of nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat was 120 kg N·ha−1. The dose of 180 kg N·ha−1 did not increase the winter wheat yield significantly, as compared with the dose of 120 kg N·ha−1. In comparison with the conventional tillage system the reduced tillage system and direct sowing decreased the yield of winter rape by about 12.0% and 47.7%, respectively. The highest yield of winter rape was obtained after the application of 180 kg N·ha−1.