Abstract
This study investigates phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of Vimba species using mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) (1023 bp) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region (652 bp) genes. Ninety-one samples from 36 populations for the cyt b gene and 67 samples from 20 populations for the COI were analyzed. We identified 29 haplotypes and calculated overall haplotype diversity as Hd: 0.907 ± 0.015 for cyt b. We also identified 13 COI haplotypes and calculated overall haplotype diversity as 0.826 ± 0.026 for this marker. The phylogenetic analysis of Vimba species reveals the presence of four clades, based on concatenated cyt b and COI sequences. The first and second clade consist of Vimba vimba Western lineage, and Vimba vimba Caspian lineage, while the third and fourth clade consist of Vimba mirabilis and Vimba melanops. Based on haplotype network analyses and phylogeographic inferences, the Vimba genus is monophyletic, and its species dispersed in the Pleistocene era.
Highlights
As a member of the Leuciscidae family, the genus Vimba is distributed throughout almost all Eurasia and consists of three species: Vimba vimba, Vimba melanops, and Vimba mirabilis
Some work has been conducted on Vimba species, there are no comprehensive studies on their phylogeography, which is provided in the present study
The phylogeny constructed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) approaches is based on concatenated mtDNA cyt b and c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of three Vimba species
Summary
As a member of the Leuciscidae family, the genus Vimba is distributed throughout almost all Eurasia and consists of three species: Vimba vimba, Vimba melanops, and Vimba mirabilis. V. vimba was initially described as Cyprinus vimba L. from several Swedish lakes in Scandinavia, the North Sea, coastal waters of Baltic Sea basins, and, subsequently, after the description, it was found in the Caspian, Black Sea, Marmara Sea basins, and the Rhine River. In Anatolia, V. vimba is distributed from the Marmara basin up to Büyük Menderes, Eğirdir Lake, Köprüçay and Eşen rivers in the south, and Kızılırmak in the east. V. melanops was described initially from the Meriç (Evros) River and its distribution extends within the borders of Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, and Macedonia in the North Aegean basin from Meriç to the Pinios River. The Anatolian endemic V. mirabilis was detected only in the type locality Büyük Menderes and two individuals in Bafa Lake in Southwest Anatolia (Bogutskaya 1997). According to Crivelli (1996), V. mirabilis is under threat of extinction due to the water intake from the basin for drinking and irrigation
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