Abstract
Herbal medicines are widely used worldwide and much appreciated because of their fewer side effects and the ability to fight diseases at the root cause. Active ‘phyto’ ingredients require a scientific approach and a mechanism to distribute components at the target site for better therapeutic results. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, has created new hope for cancer treatment but is still far from being proven in clinical settings. This article combines a unique approach to synthesis with the use of Pleurotus sajor-caju, followed by microwave irritation of silver and gold nanoparticles that ensures the capping of the active phyto ingredient and further enhances the effects of nanomedicine to fight colon cancer, thus opening a new era of what we call herbonanoceutics. The article also compares the characteristics and properties of silver (Au) and gold (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized by an in house developed novel microwave-assisted rapid green synthesis method. The as-prepared Ag NPs and Au NPs were compared using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our comparative study revealed that both assemblies display face-centred cubic structures (FCCs) and are nanocrystalline in nature. The advantage of the approach was that the sizes of gold and silver were identical in range with a similar distribution pattern. This has helped us to study the activity against colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) without incoherence since size plays a key role in the application. More specifically, morphological changes, cell viability, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the fragmentation of DNA have been further reported to assess better the results obtained with the two metals. Our results suggest that the newly adopted synthesis method may ensure the dual benefits from phyto ingredients which further enhances the effectiveness of advanced nanomedicine.
Highlights
In the past decade, nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches have emerged for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer [1,2]
We have demonstrated the facile biosynthesis of Ag NPs and Au NPs using Pleurotus sajor-caju extract under ambient conditions
Our result suggest that the new adopted synthesis method ensures the dual benefit from phytoingredients which further enhances the effectiveness observed in human colon cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner
Summary
Nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches have emerged for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer [1,2]. Colon cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancy-related causes of death worldwide, with very few or no treatment options [3]. Herbal medicine has shown a new hope to fight against colon cancer. Due to non-specificity and short half-life, much success has not been achieved. Nanoparticles (NPs)-based therapy can be used in the treatment of colon cancer as an alternative to conventional therapy (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy), which are expensive and less effective, with a high degree of side effects. Due to enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR), and thanks to the tumour microarchitecture, nanotechnology certainly has created a new hope in the treatment regimen to fight against cancer
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