Pleurodesis induction in rats by Copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) oil.

Fernando Luiz Westphal,Mauro Canzian,Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes,Alfredo Coimbra Reichl,Valdir F Veiga-Junior,Fabio Alessandro Pieri,Luis Carlos Lima

doi:10.1155/2014/939738

Abstract

This study aims to assess and compare copaiba oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga and 0.5% silver nitrate for the induction of pleurodesis in an experimental model. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (0.9% saline solution), copaiba (copaiba oil), and silver nitrate (0.5% silver nitrate). The substances were injected into the right pleural cavity and the alterations were observed macroscopically and microscopically at 24, 48, 72, and 504 h. The value of macroscopic alterations grade and acute inflammatory reaction grade means was higher in the 24 h copaiba group in relation to silver nitrate. Fibrosis and neovascularization means in the visceral pleura were higher in 504 h copaiba group in relation to the silver nitrate group. The grade of the alveolar edema mean was higher in the silver nitrate group in relation to the copaiba group, in which this alteration was not observed. The presence of bronchopneumonia was higher in the 24 h silver nitrate group (n = 4) in relation to the copaiba group (n = 0). In conclusion, both groups promoted pleurodesis, with better results in copaiba group and the silver nitrate group presented greater aggression to the pulmonary parenchyma.

Highlights

Pleurodesis is a well-established treatment for patients with spontaneous pneumothorax or malignant pleural effusion of multiple etiologies
This study aims to assess and compare copaiba oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga and 0.5% silver nitrate for the induction of pleurodesis in an experimental model
Greater macroscopic inflammatory reactions were observed in the rats that received copaiba oil, in all the times of sacrifice, when compared to the silver nitrate group, with statistical significance in the 24-hour group (P < 0.05) (Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

Pleurodesis is a well-established treatment for patients with spontaneous pneumothorax or malignant pleural effusion of multiple etiologies. Several substances have been studied both clinically and experimentally, such as ethanolamine oleate, diazepam, erythromycin, macrolides, quinolones, povidone-iodine, and quinacrine, among others [4,5,6,7]. All of these studies intend to find an agent with the following characteristics: (1) efficient, (2) widely available, (3) of low cost, and (4) of few side effects. The most commonly used agents are talc, instilled in the pleural cavity by either aspersion or dilution in saline solution, tetracycline derivatives (minocycline and doxycycline), and bleomycin [8]. Bleomycin has a very high cost and is less efficient in pleurodesis when compared to other medications [9]

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