Abstract
BackgroundKawasaki disease is an acute, febrile vasculitis of childhood that affects medium-sized arteries, predominantly the coronary arteries. It is a multisystem disease; therefore, it may present with non-cardiac findings of disease.Case presentationHere, we report the case of 7-year-old Turkish girl who presented with symptoms of fever, chest pain, and vomiting, who was diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease. We also present a literature review on pulmonary involvement due to Kawasaki disease.ConclusionPediatricians should consider the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in the presence of pneumonia and pleural effusion that is nonresponsive to antibiotic therapy. This will prevent delay in diagnosis and the adverse consequences of the disease.
Highlights
Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile vasculitis of childhood that affects medium-sized arteries, predominantly the coronary arteries
Perivascular brightness and echogenicity of her right coronary artery was noted on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). She was diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease (KD) based on the presence of fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, cervical adenopathy, perianal peeling, periungual desquamation, elevated acute-phase reactants (ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP)), thrombocytosis, and coronary artery involvement (CAI)
Pulmonary system involvement of KD is very rare; KD can present as pneumonia, pulmonary nodules, bronchopneumonia, hydropneumothorax, and pleural effusion [6, 8, 9]
Summary
Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile vasculitis of childhood that affects medium-sized arteries, predominantly the coronary arteries. We report the case of a patient with KD who presented with an unusual form of pleural effusion. She was diagnosed as having KD based on the presence of fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, cervical adenopathy, perianal peeling, periungual desquamation, elevated acute-phase reactants (ESR, CRP), thrombocytosis, and coronary artery involvement (CAI). In the presence of at least 5 days of fever, if there are at least four of the five principal criteria (cervical adenopathy, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, oropharyngeal mucosal changes, polymorphous rash, erythema of the palms or soles, and edema of the hands or feet) the patient is diagnosed as having KD [1].
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