Abstract
Currently, a total of 267 stonefly species are known for Canada. The biodiversity hotspot of Canadian stoneflies is British Columbia with at least 138 species, nearly 52% of all species known from Canada. Four families, the Perlodidae, Capniidae, Chloroperlidae, and Nemouridae, contain nearly 75% of all species known to occur in Canada. The family with the fewest species represented in Canada is the Peltoperlidae. The stonefly fauna of Canada consists of two major faunal assemblages, west and east. The western clade consists of those species inhabiting Manitoba, all provinces to the west, and the three territories. The eastern clade consists of species from Ontario eastward. The two clades share only 29 species (10.9% of the Canadian total), suggesting a separate origin for each clade. The available taxonomic literature for the stoneflies of Canada is reviewed.
Highlights
The order Plecoptera, or stoneflies, a small group of hemimetabolous insects, includes approximately 3700 extant, valid species placed in 16 families worldwide (Fochetti and Tierno de Figueroa 2008, DeWalt et al 2018)
A general discussion of stonefly biology and ecology is presented in DeWalt et al (2015), while a synopsis of the ecological information for North American stoneflies, including Canadian species, is presented in Stewart and Stark (2002)
166 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) from Canadian specimens are included in the Barcode of Life Data (BOLD; Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013) database, suggesting that 62% of the recorded number of species found in Canada is represented in their sequence library (Table 1)
Summary
The order Plecoptera, or stoneflies, a small group of hemimetabolous insects, includes approximately 3700 extant, valid species placed in 16 families worldwide (Fochetti and Tierno de Figueroa 2008, DeWalt et al 2018). Additional useful treatments of regional stonefly faunas that include Canadian species are Hitchcock (1974) for eastern Canada, Jewett (1959) and Baumann et al (1977) for British Columbia and Alberta, and Szczytko and Stewart (1979) for western North American Isoperla Banks. Szczytko and Kondratieff (2015a, b) revised the eastern North American species of the Isoperlinae based on adults, recording 20 species from Canada.
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