Abstract
A UNIQUE CULTURAL PATTERN that has developed and been maintained for many years in numerous black communities in the ritualized verbal contest of playing the The contest or game is also known as sounding, joning, woofing, wolfing, sigging, signifying, or simply, the dozens. The usual setting for the game is the low-income areas of our major cities, although Dollard' found evidence that it was played also by middle-class boys and men. The usual participants in the game are adolescent black males, but there is some evidence that black females also play,2 and at least one study3 has shown that the game is played by white high school boys. Roger Abrahams gives a good description of the way the game is played and the content of the words used:
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