Platinum–Nickel Bimetallic Nanosphere–Ionic Liquid Interface for Electrochemical Oxygen and Hydrogen Sensing

Abstract

By exploiting the benefits of bimetallic platinum–nickel (Pt–Ni) alloy nanosphere and an ionic liquid (IL) (i.e., 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BmpyNTf2), an organic–inorganic hybrid interface of IL/Pt–Ni was designed and characterized for electrochemical sensing of oxygen and hydrogen gases for miniaturized electrochemical gas sensor development. The spherical Pt–Ni alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through template-free, one-pot solvothermal method. The morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition of Pt–Ni alloy NPs were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained Pt–Ni alloy NPs were used to fabricate the planar sensor devices and tested for oxygen and hydrogen sensing. The oxygen-sensing performance of the resulting planar electrochemical sensor was investigated over a low concentration range of 500–5000 ppm of O2 at room temperature by using constant potential amperometry. The planar electrochemical sensor device exhibited a high sensitivity to O2 ((3.04 ± 0.18) × 10–5 mA cm–2 ppm–1) compared to commercial Pt/C-based sensor ((2.57 ± 0.22) × 10–5 mA cm–2 ppm–1). The planar electrochemical sensor device also showed good reproducibility and selectivity for oxygen detection during sensing tests. Moreover, the sensor device based on the obtained Pt–Ni alloy NPs was investigated for hydrogen detection with excellent analytical performance in hydrogen sensing. The outstanding gas sensing properties were attributed to unique interface properties and highly efficient catalytic reaction of gas species of oxygen and hydrogen at the interface of IL/Pt–Ni alloy NPs. This work demonstrated that the integration of Pt–Ni alloy NPs with ILs enabled beneficial electrode interface for O2 and H2 gases sensing with high sensitivity, rapid gas response, and superior reproducibility based on a novel planar electrochemical sensor platform.