Abstract
This paper addresses a review of platinum-based hydrosilylation catalysts. The main field of application of these catalysts is the curing of silicone polymers. Since the 1960s, this area has developed rapidly in connection with the emergence of new polymer compositions and new areas of application. Here we describe general mechanisms of the catalyst activity and the structural effects of the ligands on activity and stability of the catalysts together with the methods for their synthesis.
Highlights
The hydrosilylation reaction is widely used in the organosilicon industry
A huge number of catalysts involved in the hydrosilylation reactions and the catalysts based on transition metals of the platinum group are effective [1,2]
Alkynes and alkenes with electron-withdrawing substituents are used as inhibitors. Their effect is manifested in the formation of relatively inert complexes of platinum (0), preventing the occurrence of hydrosilylation reactions at room temperature during the period of molding or storage of the silicone mixture
Summary
The hydrosilylation reaction ( referred to as hydrosilation) is widely used in the organosilicon industry. Platinum-based catalysts such as the Speier’s catalyst H2 [PtCl6 ] and the Karstedt’s catalyst [Pt2 (dvtms)3 ] (where “dvtms” is 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane) give a high number of catalytic cycles (TON), but at the same time display low selectivity. The solution to this problem was the use of bulky trialkylphosphine ligands, and later the use of platinum complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes. These sterically hindered catalysts can increase stability and TON of catalysts of hydrosilylation reactions by making kinetic barriers for agglomeration of Pt(0) species. The further rational development of catalysts rely on specific steric effects of ligands together with their electronic effects to central platinum atom, which is discussed below
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