Abstract
BackgroundThe skin is impacted by every form of external radiation therapy. However, effective therapeutic options for severe, acute radiation-induced skin reactions are limited. Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to improve cutaneous wound healing, its effects in the context of high-dose irradiation are still poorly understood.MethodsWe investigated the regenerative functions of PRP by subjecting the dorsal skin of mice to local irradiation (40 Gy) and exposing HaCaT cells to gamma rays (5 Gy). The cutaneous benefits of PRP were gauged by wound size, histologic features, immunostains, western blot, and transepithelial water loss (TEWL). To assess the molecular effects of PRP on keratinocytes of healing radiation-induced wounds, we evaluated AKT signaling.ResultsHeightened expression of keratin 14 (K14) was documented in irradiated HaCaT cells and skin tissue, although the healing capacity of injured HaCaT cells declined. By applying PRP, this capacity was restored via augmented AKT signaling. In our mouse model, PRP use achieved the following: (1) healing of desquamated skin, acutely injured by radiation; (2) activated AKT signaling, improving migration and proliferation of K14 cells; (3) greater expression of involucrin in keratin 10 cells and sebaceous glands; and (4) reduced TEWL, strengthening the cutaneous barrier function.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that PRP enhances the functions of K14 cells via AKT signaling, accelerating the regeneration of irradiated skin. These wound-healing benefits may have merit in a clinical setting.
Highlights
The skin is impacted by every form of external radiation therapy
We investigated the influence of radiation to the keratinocyte capacity and whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances the regeneration efficacy of irradiated keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of radiation-induced skin injury
Because cellular radiosensitivity reflects both phase of cellular proliferation and degree of differentiation [14], we anticipated that cells expressing K5/keratin 14 (K14) keratins would prove more radiosensitive than those expressing K1/K10
Summary
The skin is impacted by every form of external radiation therapy. Effective therapeutic options for severe, acute radiation-induced skin reactions are limited. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to improve cutaneous wound healing, its effects in the context of high-dose irradiation are still poorly understood. The skin is vulnerable to every form of external radiation therapy administered to target internal organs [1]. Skin reactions following irradiation have characteristics of the delay in the onset of clinical changes. Acute skin reaction related to radiation therapy usually manifest within 1–4 weeks of radiation start. Skin injury triggers immediate stress responses in epidermal keratinocytes, which begin to proliferate and migrate to wounded areas, giving rise to a layer of hyperproliferative epithelium [8,9,10,11]. Epithelial tissues express differing keratin pairs, depending upon cell type.
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