Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in implant dentistry in combination with new bone regenerative technique in elderly patients

Abstract

IntroductionSome studies have demonstrated that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a healing biomaterial with a great potential for bone and soft tissue regeneration, without any inflammatory reactions and may be used alone or in combination with bone grafts, promoting hemostasis, bone growth, and maturation. PRF appears as a natural and satisfactory aid in bone regenerative surgery in elderly patients with favorable results and low risks. AimThis study wants to demonstrate how PRF in association with a new split crest augmentation technique can be a great aid in implant rehabilitation, especially in the elderly patients, when bone regeneration is required. Materials and methodsTen patients were treated in this study, five following the flapless split crest new procedure and other five patients following traditional procedure without split crest as control. Five patients with an average age between 50 and 60 years were selected to be operated with a split crest flapless modified technique in order to optimize the regenerative conditions with a bone augmentation and implant insertion in one single stage procedure. For all the patients autologous PRF has been used to fill the split crest gap or simply as regenerative material. Orthopantomography, intraoral radiography and CT DentaScan/CT Cone beam were performed for every patient before the treatment and at follow-up time exeption made for CT. ResultsAll cases were successful, there were no problems at surgery time, at post-operative and at osteointegration periods. All implants achieved osteointegration. These results were obtained by accurately managing immediate and late post operative period in all of the operated cases. Mean difference for height bone loss between the two groups of patients was 2.4mm at T1 and 2.2mm at T3. DiscussionThe rationale of this split crest flapless modified technique is to obtain a proper buccal cortex expansion preserving its vascular supply avoiding periosteal elevation for better cortical bone nourishing. Moreover, advantages are reported related to the use of PRF. The effectiveness of PRF is shown in promoting the healing of surgical wounds, it has, in fact, platelet growth factors that can improve the vascularisation of the surgical site, promoting neoangiogenesis. Furthermore, by simply changing the settings of the centrifuge, it is possible to obtain a normal gelling if it has to be used as regenerative and stimulating material, or more consistent substance to be used as a filler in the split crest gap. ConclusionsThe main advantages in using the platelet-rich fibrin are healing and bone regenerative properties in combination with its complete resorption after surgery, thus avoiding a second surgery time, important factor in the elderly patients. Currently, it is a minimally invasive technique with low risks and satisfactory clinical results such preventing complications or implant failure particularly in elderly patients for age related conditions.