Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate that consists of cytokines, platelets, leukocytes, and circulating stem cells. It has been considered to be effective in bone regeneration and is mainly used for oral and maxillofacial bone. Although currently the use of PRF is thought to support alveolar ridge preservation, there is a lack of evidence regarding the application of PRF in osteogenesis. In this paper, we will provide examples of PRF application, and we will also summarize different measures to improve the properties of PRF for achieving better osteogenesis. The effect of PRF as a bone graft material on osteogenesis based on laboratory investigations, animal tests, and clinical evaluations is first reviewed here. In vitro, PRF was able to stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Preclinical and clinical trials suggested that PRF alone may have a limited effect. To enlighten researchers, modified PRF graft materials are further reviewed, including PRF combined with other bone graft materials, PRF combined with drugs, and a new-type PRF. Finally, we will summarize the common shortcomings in the application of PRF that probably lead to application failure. Future scientists should avoid or solve these problems to achieve better regeneration.
Highlights
In many preclinical and clinical studies, Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) alone, PRF combined with other bone graft materials, and PRF combined with drugs promoted oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration in vivo
In most studies (Table 1 [23, 27,28,29,30]), PRF has shown enhancing effects on stem cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and mineralization during bone formation, but the effects vary by the cell type. us, the choice of cell type affects osteogenesis
PRF induced proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) throughout the 7-day incubation period, it suppressed the osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs by decreasing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)) and the gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC). is can be explained as the effects vary by the cell type [30]
Summary
Applications of PRF on oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration in animal models are summarized in Table 2 [32,33,34,35,36]. Us, bovine and autogenous bone mixture was better than PRF for maxillary sinus floor elevation, and PRF alone may have a limited effect on osteogenesis. Erefore, researchers concluded that PRF is just an adjunct therapy for bone regeneration In another rabbit model of orthodontic relapse [35], addition of advanced PRF (A-PRF) to carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) reduced the relapse rate and relapse distance, and this was associated with increased osteoblasts and decreased osteoclasts that were counted histologically. Ird, addition of a drug could improve the osteogenesis ability of PRF, and it is a method to achieve better bone formation by using PRF. A 12-week animal experiment [36] proved that adding aspirin improved the osteogenesis ability of PRF by using a periodontal bone defect model in 15 rats. PRF alone may have a limited ability for osteogenesis; combining PRF with materials or a drug may be a better choice
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
