Platelet–monocyte complex formation: effect of blocking PSGL-1 alone, and in combination with αIIbβ3 and αMβ2, in coronary stenting

Abstract

Background: Binding of platelet P-selectin to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is an initial event in the interactions between platelets and monocytes. Platelet–monocyte complexes (PMCs) have been implicated in several vascular disease processes, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the effect of ex vivo blockade of PSGL-1, alone and in combination with blockade of the αMβ 2 (Mac-1) and α IIbβ 3 (GP IIb/IIIa) integrins, on PMC formation. Methods and results: Dual-label flow cytometry was used to detect PMCs in the blood of 10 volunteers and 10 patients undergoing PCI who received intravenous GP IIb/IIIa antagonists. PSGL-1 blockade, both prior to and after platelet stimulation, markedly reduced the formation of PMCs. Concomitant ex vivo blockade of the αMβ 2 and α IIbβ 3 integrins did not result in further decreases of PMCs compared to PSGL-1 blockade alone. Antagonism of PSGL-1 also led to near elimination of leukocyte–platelet interactions under flowing conditions. Conclusion: Blockade of PSGL-1 alone is sufficient to inhibit and reverse the formation of PMCs following platelet stimulation. Concurrent antagonism of PSGL-1 and the α IIbβ 3 and αMβ 2 integrins was not more effective than inhibition of PSGL-1 alone. These results suggest that platelet–monocyte complex formation is mostly dependent on PSGL-1.