Abstract
Objective:Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Elevated plasma levels of circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have been reported in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, with the ability to mediate inflammation and thrombosis. Microparticles are bioactive agents, and it has been suggested that MPs can be used as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic biomarker in various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, 30 patients with breast cancer and 20 normal subjects were sampled after obtaining written consent. MPs were isolated from blood samples by centrifugation technique. CD42b and annexin V markers were used respectively for counting PMPs and procoagulant MPs with flow cytometry. Results:Flow cytometry results showed that the number of PMPs and procoagulant annexin V positive MPs was significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than normal subjects (p<0.001). The number of the annexin V MPs differed significantly in patients with high tumor size (T2) compared to the patients with low tumor size (T1) and controls (p<0.001). Significant and positive correlations were found between PMP levels and tissue-based biomarkers, tumor grading, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Tumor histological type did not correlate with the numbers of PMPs (p=0.065). Conclusion:Increased levels of PMPs and activity in terms of hemostasis and having a positive and significant relationship with tumor grading and metastasis may indicate the effective role of PMPs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed invasive cancer in women worldwide (Li et al, 2020), and is the second cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer (Siegel et al, 2019)
Flow cytometry results showed that the number of platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) and procoagulant annexin V positive MPs was significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than normal subjects (p
Study population The results showed that the mean age of the breast cancer patients was 50.4±11.08 (31-73) years and did not differ significantly from the healthy controls (49.2±9.6 (29-64) years)
Summary
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed invasive cancer in women worldwide (Li et al, 2020), and is the second cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer (Siegel et al, 2019). To identify breast cancer patients, compared to invasive diagnostic approach including core biopsy, the use of blood biomarkers is convenient and non-invasive, and widely accepted, cost-effective, and readily reproducible (Li et al, 2020). The most useful tissue-based biomarkers in breast cancer include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), and ki are used to detect prognosis and guiding systemic therapy. The main applications of CA15-3 and CEA as the most used blood biomarkers are to predict response to therapeutic regimens in breast cancer patients with metastasis, as well as for assessing prognosis (Toth et al, 2008). Many research efforts have been focused on the development of non-invasive blood-based biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis at an earlier stage
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