Platelet-Rich Plasma in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is well recognized and frequently used therapeutic tool for surgeons in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). It is become popular due to its regenerative potential of autologous blood components that enhance tissue repair while improving overall surgical outcomes. we decided to discuss historical evolution of PRP and OMFS, preparation methods and biological mechanisms, OMFS applications, more precisely, efficacy of PRP in OMFS. PRP was originated from early explorations in wound healing research and now it has made continuous refinement and is being used in widespread application across diverse medical specialities. In OMFS, PRP is prepared through centrifugation methods where PRP is concentrate platelets and other important growth factors that are essential for tissue regeneration, or improving bone density and regrowth. Clinical applications span from bone and soft tissue augmentation to the management of temporomandibular joint disorders and maxillofacial pathology. Various pieces of evidence promise promising outcomes, but the efficacy of PRP in enhancing bone regeneration remains debated among researchers and physicians, which necessitates further research and comprehensive validation. Complications of PRP administration are rare but may include infection, nerve damage, tissue calcification, or even blindness in some cases, which emphasizes careful patient selection and monitoring is evident. PRP future in OMFS is promising for more personalized therapies and standardized protocols. More discoveries will be made through mixed or combination treatments with PRP and it will expand applications, technological advancements, and efficacy in long-term outcome.