Abstract
Regenerative dentistry is an emerging field of medicine involving stem cell technology, tissue engineering and dental science. It exploits biological mechanisms to regenerate damaged oral tissues and restore their functions. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product that is defined as the portion of plasma fraction of autologous blood with a platelet concentration above that of the original whole blood. A super‐mixture of key cytokines and growth factors is present in platelet granules. Thus, the application of PRP has gained unprecedented attention in regenerative medicine. The rationale underlies the utilization of PRP is that it acts as a biomaterial to deliver critical growth factors and cytokines from platelet granules to the targeted area, thus promoting regeneration in a variety of tissues. Based on enhanced understanding of cell signalling and growth factor biology, researchers have begun to use PRP treatment as a novel method to regenerate damaged tissues, including liver, bone, cartilage, tendon and dental pulp. To enable better understanding of the regenerative effects of PRP in dentistry, this review describes different methods of preparation and application of this biological product, and provides detailed explanations of the controversies and future prospects related to the use of PRP in dental regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Platelet-rich plasmaPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is extensively applied as a bioactive scaffold in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering
The most important growth factors released by platelets in PRP include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), platelet-derived growth
This review addresses the different methods of preparation of PRP and clinical applications of this biological product in regenerative dentistry
Summary
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is extensively applied as a bioactive scaffold in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. The polypeptide proteins of the platelet-rich plasma do not enhance the clinical regenerative effect of enamel matrix proteins.[35] Camargo et al compared the results of bovine porous bone mineral and guided tissue regeneration with and without the addition of PRP They evaluated changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and defect filling at 6month follow-up, and concluded that PRP treatment provided no statistically significant resolution of intrabony defects.[36] Possible explanations for the discrepancies among outcomes might be related to differences in treatment courses, graft materials and initial clinical parameters.[37]. Such classifications must be carefully considered to avoid making incorrect conclusions when comparing results among clinical studies.[99]
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