Platelet-rich plasma activation in combination with biphasic osteochondral scaffolds–conditions for maximal growth factor production

Abstract

The combination of scaffolds and biological factors may enhance articular cartilage repair. Little is known regarding the activation and subsequent growth factor release of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in contact with biosynthetic scaffolds. The purpose of this study was i) to identify whether the addition of thrombin was required to activate PRP in the presence of a collagen osteochondral scaffold and ii) to compare the activity of PRP when applied to both collagen- and polylactide-based osteochondral scaffolds. Equal combined volumes of test substances were used (n=3): 500μl PRP alone or on scaffolds; 375μl PRP+125μl autologous thrombin on scaffolds; 455μl PRP+45μl bovine thrombin on scaffolds. Scaffolds and/or PRP were cultured in vitro in DMEM/F12 medium for 10days. TGF-β1, PDGF-AB and bFGF were measured using ELISA. A similar cumulative release profile in all growth factors was found over the 10-day period i.e. a burst release and further physiological prolonged release. A significantly higher release of PDGF-AB was seen in the PRP+collagen scaffold groups at all time points, compared to scaffold+PRP+thrombins (P<0.001). A significantly increased cumulative volume of PDGF-AB was released from the collagen scaffold compared to the polylactide scaffold (P<0.001). This study shows that polylactide and particularly collagen osteochondral scaffolds activate PRP in vitro. If PRP is combined with these scaffolds clinically, no exogenous activation with thrombin is required to achieve growth factor release, which may be of benefit for articular cartilage repair applications.