Abstract
Simple SummaryCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide. Hence, novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. Platelet–leucocyte aggregates are conglomerates of platelets and leucocytes and are widely investigated as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Platelet–leucocytes aggregates are present in health, but increase in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and acute or stable coronary syndromes, making them a potential diagnostic marker. Moreover, platelet–leucocyte aggregates predict outcomes after surgery or percutaneous treatment and could be used to monitor antiplatelet therapy. Emerging data about the participation of platelet–leucocyte aggregates in cardiovascular diseases pathogenesis make them an attractive target for novel therapies. Furthermore, simple detection with conventional flow cytometry provides accurate and reproducible results, although requires specific sample handling. The main task for the future is to determine the standardized protocol to measure blood concentrations of platelet–leucocyte aggregates and subsequently establish their normal range in health and disease.Platelet–leucocyte aggregates (PLA) are a formation of leucocytes and platelets bound by specific receptors. They arise in the condition of sheer stress, thrombosis, immune reaction, vessel injury, and the activation of leukocytes or platelets. PLA participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Increased levels of PLA were revealed in acute and chronic coronary syndromes, carotid stenosis cardiovascular risk factors. Due to accessible, available, replicable, quick, and low-cost quantifying using flow cytometry, PLA constitute an ideal biomarker for clinical practice. PLA are promising in early diagnosing and estimating prognosis in patients with acute or chronic coronary syndromes treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). PLA were also a reliable marker of platelet activity for monitoring antiplatelet therapy. PLA consist also targets potential therapies in CVD. All of the above potential clinical applications require further studies to validate methods of assay and proof clinical benefits.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for over 17 million deaths in 2019 [1], which is the approximate number of inhabitants of the Netherlands [2]
We found no studies investigating the relationship between Platelet–leucocyte aggregates (PLA) formation in the post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) period and the patient outcome
The main advantages of Conventional flow cytometry (CFC) are no requirement for very advanced machine [24], availability in laboratories [36], easy access and a tiny amount
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for over 17 million deaths in 2019 [1], which is the approximate number of inhabitants of the Netherlands [2]. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to predict CVD, improve early diagnostics, and monitor therapy effectiveness. The formation of platelet–leucocyte aggregates (PLA) is one of the most crucial interactions between platelets and leucocytes [3]. PLA are defined as heterotypic combinations of at least one platelet with one leucocyte [4]. PLA are formed during immune or thrombotic reactions [5]. PLA have been investigated as potential biomarkers in many pathologies, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [6], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis [7], consumptive coagulopathy in xenotransplantation [8], cutaneous Arthus reactions [9], and infections [10]-among others
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
