Platelet concentrate as an additive to bone allografts: a laboratory study using an uniaxial compression test

David Putzer,Christoph Ammann,Michael Nogler,Alex Pizzini,Debora Coraça-Huber,Markus Dobersberger

doi:10.1007/s10561-018-9704-3

David Putzer, Christoph Ammann + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-018-9704-3

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Abstract

Chemical cleaning procedures of allografts are destroying viable bone cells and denaturing osteoconductive and osteoinductive proteins present in the graft. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanical differences of chemical cleaned allografts by adding blood, clotted blood; platelet concentrate and platelet gel using a uniaxial compression test. The allografts were chemically cleaned, dried and standardized according to their grain size distribution. Uniaxial compression test was carried out for the four groups before and after compacting the allografts. No statistically significant difference was found between native allografts, allografts mixed with blood, clotted blood, platelet concentrate and platelet concentrate gel regarding their yield limit after compaction. The authors recommend to chemical clean allografts for large defects, optimize their grain size distribution and add platelet concentrate or platelet rich plasma for enhancing as well primary stability as well bone ingrowth.

Highlights

Bone grafts are used to fill bone defects in different applications of orthopaedic and trauma surgery with good long term results (Schreurs et al 2009)
The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanical differences of chemical cleaned allografts with known grain size distribution mixed with blood (BL), clotted blood (CB), platelet concentrate (PC) and platelet concentrated gel (PG) using an uniaxial compression test
native allografts (NA), optimized grain size distribution (OG), BL, PC and PG had a normal distribution for all investigated measurement parameters

Summary

Introduction

Bone grafts are used to fill bone defects in different applications of orthopaedic and trauma surgery with good long term results (Schreurs et al 2009). Autografts are the gold standard in reconstructive surgery; they are available only in limited quantity. They can be obtained from the femoral head during total hip arthroplasty or from the iliac crest (Khan et al 2005; Myeroff and Archdeacon 2011; Nogler et al 2012). Autografts have optimum osteoconductive, osteoinductive properties and allow osteogenesis as they contain surviving cells and osteoinductive proteins (BMPs) such as BMP-2 and BMP-7, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (Bauer and Muschler 2000; Dimitriou et al 2011; Brydone et al 2010; Parikh 2002). Allografts have variable osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties but are lacking viable cells which results in lower osteogenic potential than autografts (Zimmermann and Moghaddam 2011)

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