Abstract
Tomato paste production generates a residue known as tomato pomace, which corresponds to peels and seeds separated during tomato processing. Currently, there is an opportunity to use tomato pomace to obtain a functional extract with antithrombotic properties, such as platelet anti-aggregant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and inhibitory activity of different extracts of tomato pomace on in vitro platelet aggregation, comparing this activity with commercial cardioprotective products, and quantify bioactive compounds. Aqueous or ethanolic/water (1:1) extracts of whole tomato pomace, seedless tomato pomace, tomato pomace supplemented with seeds (50% and 20%), and only seeds were obtained with different ultrasound-assisted extraction times. The inhibition of platelet aggregation was evaluated using a lumi-aggregometer. The quantification of bioactive compounds was determined by HPLC-MS. From 5 g of each type of tomato pomace sample, 0.023–0.22 g of a dry extract was obtained for the platelet aggregation assay. The time of sonication and extraction solvent had a significant role in platelet anti-aggregant activity of some extracts respect the control. Thus, the most active extracts decreased adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation from 87 ± 6% (control) to values between 26 ± 6% and 34 ± 2% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, different ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of tomato pomace fractions had varied concentration of flavonoids and nucleosides, and had an effect on extract yield.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide since more people die annually (≈17 million) from CVD than from any other cause [1]
Aqueous or ethanolic/water (1:1) extracts of whole tomato pomace, seedless tomato pomace, tomato pomace supplemented with seeds (50% and 20%), and only seeds were obtained
In this study, aqueous extracts (2.8 ± 1.1% m/m) showed higher extraction yields in comparison with ethanolic extractions (1.0 ± 0.5% m/m), and this was due to the polarity and viscosity of these solvents
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide since more people die annually (≈17 million) from CVD than from any other cause [1]. In Chile, CVD causes 27% of deaths [2]. In this context, the adherence to a diet rich in fruit and vegetables was associated with a decrease of all-cause mortality among individuals with CVD [3,4,5]. Tomato has the lowest uric acid content of any fruit and vegetable [11,12]. The latter is important because a high uric acid level in the body can cause various health issues like arthritis [13]
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