Platelet Activating Factor as a Mediator and Therapeutic Approach in Bronchial Asthma

Abstract

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator involved in anaphylaxis and chronic inflammatory disorders, including bronchial asthma. PAF is able to act both, directly as a chemotactic factor and indirectly through the release of other inflammatory agents. Apart from its known potent ability to activate platelets, PAF influences other immune and inflammatory cells function involved in asthma, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, PAF administration can mimic some of abnormalities observed in asthma, including bronchoconstriction, bronchial hyper responsiveness, and gas exchange impairment, which may be mediated by leukotrienes acting as secondary mediators of some PAF effects. Therefore, there has been an extensive interest in the role of PAF in human asthma and major efforts have been continued to discover drugs acting thorough inhibition of PAF effects in the disease. Surprisingly, PAF receptor antagonists have not clearly proven their clinical benefits. It may appear that the combined blockage of PAF effects and other mediators involved in asthma is a way to improve clinical efficacy and also an interesting approach to control inflammation in the disease. This review will focus on two main issues: the role of PAF and PAF antagonists in asthma.