Plate osteosynthesis of phalanx fractures using wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique is cost-effective and associated with less postoperative pain.

Abstract

The wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique, which is based on the local infiltration of lidocaine and epinephrine, is widely used in hand and wrist surgery. However, few studies have been conducted on the cost-benefit analysis of phalanx fracture surgery using the WALANT technique. This study aimed to investigate the clinical condition, time spent on anesthesia and operation. We also perform an economic analysis among general anesthesia, local anesthesia with a tourniquet, and the WALANT technique for plate fixation of phalanx fractures. This retrospective study included all patients with single phalanx fractures who underwent open reduction internal fixation with plating between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients were divided into three groups according to the anesthesia method: general anesthesia with a tourniquet (GA group), local anesthesia with a tourniquet (LA group), and the WALANT technique (WALANT group). Data, including demographics, anesthesia and surgical time, postoperative pain score, and vomiting ratio, were collected and analyzed. A total of 62 patients were included in this study. Of the 62 patients, 15 were included in the GA group, 32 in the LA group, and 15 in the WALANT group. No complications were reported during surgery or follow-up in either group. The GA group exhibited a significantly longer anesthesia time than the other two groups, with an average of 32.4 min. However, no significant difference in surgical time was observed among the three groups. The WALANT group exhibited a significantly lower postoperative pain score than the other two groups. The additional cost of general anesthesia was approximately 350 US dollars (USD), accounting for approximately one-third to one-fourth of the total expenses for phalanx surgery. Open reduction with plate fixation of phalanx fractures using the WALANT technique and local anesthesia was cost-effective compared with general anesthesia. Patients who underwent phalanx fracture surgery using the WALANT technique experienced less pain on the first postoperative day than those who underwent surgery using general or local anesthesia with a tourniquet because of the adequate tumescent technique and not using a tourniquet during surgery.