Plastochron index of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines in Fronteira Oeste, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

André Ricardo Zeist,Cleber Maus Alberto,Leocir José Welter,Márcia Denise Rossarolla,Tiago Camponogara Tomazetti,Clevison Luiz Giacobbo

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2017000400004

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the plastochron index of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevine varieties in Fronteira Oeste, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2010, in a completely randomized design, using 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines grown in the municipalities of Itaqui, São Borja, and Maçambará, which were referred to as sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Phenological monitoring of the varieties was done from the beginning of sprouting until the pruning of canes (green trimming). The daily thermal sum (dTS, oC day) was calculated using the cardinal temperatures for node appearance in grapevines (10, 25, and 35ºC), whereas the accumulated thermal sum (aTS, oC day) was obtained by adding up the dTS. The plastochron index was estimated by the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the number of nodes per cane and aTS. In all three sites, both 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' required degree-days of 10°C and aTS of 810ºC to complete the cycle from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering. The estimated plastochron indexes of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines, in Fronteira Oeste, in the state Rio Grande do Sul, were 40.4 and 49.7ºC day per node, respectively.

Highlights

According to systematic reports on agricultural production, nearly 984,244 tons of grapes were produced in Brazil in 2016
Two varieties were assessed in 2010: 'Cabernet Sauvignon', due to its red wine production (Burin et al, 2011); and 'Chardonnay', used worldwide for sparkling and white wines (Herrero et al, 2016). Both varieties were grown in three different sites located in the region of Fronteira Oeste, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: site 1, a commercial orchard located in the municipality of Itaqui (29°18'S, 56°16'W, at an altitude of 82 m); site 2, the Campos de Cima vineyard located in the municipality of Maçambará (29°03'S, 55°40'W, at an altitude of 130 m); and site 3, the Quinta do Sino vineyard located in the municipality of São Borja (28°40'S, 55°58'W, at an altitude of 74 m)
The minimum and maximum absolute temperatures ranged from 8.8°C, on September 15, to 34.9°C, on November 28, in site 1; from 6.4oC, on September 15, to 34oC, on November 27, in site 2; and from 8°C, on September 15, to 36.5°C, on November 28, in site 3 (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

According to systematic reports on agricultural production, nearly 984,244 tons of grapes were produced in Brazil in 2016. High-quality crops are affected by radiant energy, air temperature, and rainfall, for example (Liu & Heins, 2002), and thermal energy is the main responsible for vegetative growth and development, besides playing a crucial role on the phenological behavior of grapevines (Greer & Weedon, 2013). In this context, studying the responses to soil and climatic conditions has great importance (Tomazetti et al, 2015) since the main classes of grape sugars, i.e., glucose and fructose, are synthesized by photosynthesis in leaves (Miele & Rizzon, 2013)

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