Abstract
The current work assessed the burning behavior of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-P) modified with a two-component composition, consisting of L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP) and nanoclay (n). The thermal and thermodynamical properties of the PVC-P containing from 10 to 30 wt% of the fire retardant system (FRS) were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as well as by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). In contrast, fire behavior and smoke emission were studied with a cone calorimeter (CC) and smoke density chamber. The research was complemented by a microstructure analysis, using a scanning electron microscope, of the materials before and after burning CC tests. The effects were compared to those achieved for PVC-P, PVC-P with a commercially available fire retardant, the substrate used for the produced LHP, and the mixture of LHP and zinc borate, both of which contained the same share of nanoclay. Based on a notable improvement, especially in smoke suppression suggests that the n/LHP system may be a candidate fire retardant for decreasing the flammability of PVC-P.
Highlights
The number of fires in the United States decreased by 2.5% from 2009 to2018, the number of fatalities increased significantly, by as much as 20.5% [1]
The results were compared to those obtained for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-P, as well as for PVC-P with a commercially available fire retardant, histidine as the substrate used for the produced L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphatephosphoric acid (LHP), and the mixture of LHP and zinc borate, which contained the same share of nanoclay
This study aimed to investigate the impact of a developed fire-retardant system on plasticized PVC’s burning behavior
Summary
The number of fires in the United States decreased by 2.5% from 2009 to2018, the number of fatalities increased significantly, by as much as 20.5% [1]. Research conducted by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology has shown that the time available for the evacuation of fire victims is only 3 min, while in the 1970s, it was 17 min [2] The reasons for this change are creating open spaces with fewer barriers (e.g., doors, walls), the presence of larger number of flammable materials, and greater tightness of buildings [3]. These factors contribute to an increase in the intensity of heat release and faster flame spread, an increase in the amount of fumes emitted, and various chemical compounds being present in the fumes [4]. Even though the dominant lethal factor is the presence of significant amounts of carbon dioxide, gases such as hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen fluoride, cause negative effects on the body, as well as causing confusion and loss of consciousness, which lead to death [5]
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